NIW Well Positioned Requirement
The second prong of Matter of Dhanasar requires an EB2 National Interest Waiver applicant to establish that the applicant is well positioned to advance the proposed endeavor.
This does not require certainty that the endeavor will succeed. Instead, USCIS evaluates the applicant’s education, knowledge, skills, record of success, future plans, progress and other evidence showing a realistic ability to advance the proposed work.
For the general NIW framework, review NIW for researchers.
The Second Dhanasar Prong
The question is whether this particular applicant is well positioned to advance this particular proposed endeavor.
The analysis should therefore connect the applicant’s qualifications directly to the future work described in the petition.
Education
Relevant education may provide a strong foundation for the proposed endeavor.
Potential evidence includes:
- PhD degrees;
- master’s degrees;
- professional degrees;
- specialized coursework;
- technical certifications;
- postdoctoral training; and
- other specialized education related to the endeavor.
An advanced degree alone, however, does not automatically establish the second prong.
Specialized Knowledge and Skills
The applicant may demonstrate technical expertise through specialized methods, laboratory techniques, computational tools, engineering knowledge, clinical expertise or other skills directly relevant to the endeavor.
Record of Success
Past success can provide evidence that the applicant is capable of making future progress.
Depending on the field, useful evidence may include:
- completed research projects;
- important publications;
- citations;
- patents;
- successful technology development;
- clinical implementation;
- commercial adoption;
- research grants;
- awards;
- government projects;
- software adoption; and
- other measurable accomplishments.
Publications
Peer-reviewed publications may demonstrate that the applicant has successfully conducted and completed research related to the proposed endeavor.
There is no fixed publication minimum.
Citations
A strong citation history may demonstrate that other researchers have noticed and used the applicant’s work.
There is no fixed NIW citation threshold.
Review NIW citation requirements.
Patents
Patents may demonstrate technical innovation.
Evidence of licensing, commercialization or implementation may further demonstrate that the applicant has successfully translated technical work into practical use.
Research Grants
Competitive research funding can help show that organizations have confidence in the applicant’s research program.
The applicant’s role in obtaining or carrying out the grant should be explained.
Peer Review
Journal, conference or grant peer review may demonstrate that professional organizations trust the applicant’s expertise.
Peer review is supporting evidence rather than an independent NIW requirement.
Awards
Competitive awards may demonstrate prior professional recognition.
The petition should explain the award’s criteria, scope and significance.
Progress Toward the Proposed Endeavor
Evidence that the applicant has already begun advancing the endeavor can be especially useful.
Examples may include:
- ongoing research;
- preliminary results;
- completed prototypes;
- submitted or approved patents;
- active collaborations;
- funded projects;
- software under development;
- clinical studies;
- contracts; and
- other concrete progress.
A Detailed Future Plan
The applicant should present a credible plan explaining how the endeavor will continue in the United States.
The plan may identify:
- specific research objectives;
- future experiments;
- anticipated collaborations;
- research facilities;
- potential funding;
- professional positions;
- expected publications;
- commercialization plans; and
- other concrete next steps.
Employment Evidence
NIW does not require a permanent job offer.
Nevertheless, current or prospective employment can provide evidence that the applicant has a practical setting in which to advance the endeavor.
Institutional Support
Support from universities, laboratories, companies or other organizations can strengthen the second-prong showing.
Examples may include:
- laboratory access;
- research appointments;
- funding commitments;
- collaboration agreements;
- letters describing available resources;
- equipment access; and
- institutional research support.
Government Support
Government funding or documented agency interest may provide particularly useful evidence when it relates directly to the applicant’s proposed endeavor.
Recommendation and Support Letters
Letters may be persuasive when knowledgeable experts explain specific achievements and provide concrete examples demonstrating why the applicant is well positioned.
Letters are stronger when supported by independent documentary evidence.
Review NIW recommendation letters.
Independent Adoption
Evidence that other researchers, companies, institutions or governmental entities have used the applicant’s work can provide powerful evidence of prior success.
Early-Career Researchers
A person does not need decades of experience to be well positioned.
Postdocs and other early-career researchers may rely on education, publications, research progress, specialized skills, collaborations and other evidence appropriate to their career stage.
Review NIW for postdoctoral researchers.
PhD Students
A PhD student may potentially demonstrate being well positioned when the record contains sufficient evidence of prior training, research progress and a credible future plan.
Being Well Positioned Does Not Require Guaranteed Success
Research and innovation inherently involve uncertainty.
The applicant does not need to prove that every future project will succeed. The evidence should demonstrate a credible capacity to advance the endeavor.
National Importance and Well Positioned Are Separate
Evidence showing that a researcher is accomplished does not automatically prove national importance.
Similarly, evidence showing that an endeavor is nationally important does not establish that a particular applicant is capable of advancing it.
Review NIW national importance.
Common Well-Positioned Problems
- relying solely on academic degrees;
- listing publications without explaining their relevance;
- using raw citation counts without context;
- failing to show progress toward the proposed endeavor;
- presenting a speculative future plan;
- using recommendation letters unsupported by objective evidence;
- claiming team accomplishments without documenting the applicant’s role; and
- failing to connect prior achievements to the proposed endeavor.
Research Funding and Impact Evidence
NIW RFE Guide for Researchers
Review how to respond to a researcher NIW RFE under the three Matter of Dhanasar prongs.
Primary Legal Sources
- USCIS Policy Manual, National Interest Waivers
- Matter of Dhanasar, 26 I&N Dec. 884 (AAO 2016)
Show a Credible Path Forward
The second NIW prong is strongest when the record shows not only that the applicant is qualified, but that prior accomplishments, current progress and future opportunities create a credible path for advancing the proposed endeavor.
Contact The Messersmith Law Firm to request an NIW evaluation.
This page provides general immigration information and is not legal advice.